Metal working lubricant



United States Patent 3,167,511 METAL WORKHNG LUBRICANT William Crawford,Leigh-on-Sea, and James Arthur Herbert Wood, Fobbing, Essex, England,assignors, by mesne assignments, to Socony Mobil i] Company, Inc., NewYork, N.Y., a corporation of New York No Drawing. Filed Apr. 13, 1961,er. No. 102,675

1 Claim. (Cl. 252-483) The present invention is concerned withlubricants, especially those intended for metal working applications ofall kinds and particularly metal cutting, rolling and drawing. Theinvention is particularly concerned with an additive for such lubricantswhich will provide greater eificiency than those hitherto used.

The lubricant medium envisaged in the present application is generally apetroleum oil or an emulsion thereof in water. Additives for securingparticular properties in such lubricants have already been applied inthe prior art in great variety. Such additives include compounds addedto minimize metal-to-metal contact and the resulting damage to the metalunder extreme conditions of pressure. Representative types of suchcompounds include sulphur compounds, halogen compounds and phosphoruscompounds and substances in which these elements are combined, forinstance organic sulphides and polysulphides and phospho-sulphurizedcompounds. Fur ther examples are chlorinated kerosenes and chlorinatedwaxes. Another class of such additives includes sulphurized fats, fattyacids, esters and higher alcohols.

In very severe operations in which lubricants are used, for examplebreaching, a high proportion of additive is found to be necessary andmay, for instance in the case of chlorinated wax, exceed 50 percent ofthe lubricant. Such a high proportion of additive material isinconvenient, costly and not alway satisfactory from the point of viewof the lubricant properties as such. Again, the sulphur frequently usedin extreme pressure lubricants to impart anti-welding characteristics,may be required in a proportion or degree of activity sufiicient tointroduce corrosion of lubricated metal. Fatty oils and sulphurized fatsin particular are unstable of themselves and lead to thickening of theoils and the development of unpleasant odour.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a compoundedlubricating oil having unusual properties for metal cutting, metalrolling and particularly for cold rolling aluminum.

We have found that this and other objects of the invention are achievedcompounding a highly chlorinated polyolefine and particularly achlorinated polyolefine of a molecular weight range of about 50100() anda degree of chlorination of '20'-60% by weight with a suitable basepetroleum oil. The preferred molecular weight range of the polypropyleneis 126 to 210 and the preferred chlorine content is 30 to 50% by Weightof the product.

According to the present invention a compounded lubricating oilparticularly useful for broaching, cutting and rolling is formed byadding to a lubricating oil of viscosity range 50350 at 100 F. (S.U.S.)a small amount of a chlorinated polypropylene, such as Anchor N55 (tradename for polypropylene having a molecular weight of about 126 to 2.10which is chlorinated to a chlorine content of about 30-60% by weight),wherein the polypropylene has a molecular Weight of about 126-210 and ischlorinated to a chlorine content of about 30-50% by weight,manufactured and sold in Great Britain by the Anchor Chemical Company. Asulphurized mineral oil or sulphurized fatty oil may also be presentand, if desired, an emulsifier. The preferred lubricating compound alsocontains a chlorinated wax, such as a chlorinated petroleum Wax, eitherof the paraffin or microcrystalline type. The chlorinated Wax, however,may vary quite widely provided it has a minimum chlorine content of 40%by weight. Such a Wax is marketed in Great Britain by L.C.I. Limitedunder the trade name Cereclor 42. The total amount of chlorinatedadditives including the chlorinated olefine and the chlorinated waxshould amount to between 0.5% and 50% by Weight of the totalcomposition, preferably between 2% and 15%.

The ulphurized mineral oil is of the type already known for the purposeand may contain about 1% reactive sulphur as measured by the Instituteof Petroleum test l/58T Sulphur (reactive to copper) in Cutting Oils.The proportion of sulphurized mineral oil is preferably less than "50%by weight of the total composition. The sulphurized fatty oil is also ofthe type known in the art andmay be an animal or Vegetable oilcontaining after sulphurization up to 20% sulphur in such a manner thatthe sulphur is largely unreactive to copper. The proportion ofsulphurized fatty oil should preferably be limited to not more than 15%by weight of the composition.

The components other than the chlorinated polyolefine are of typesgenerally known in the art and they may be varied in a manner known inprinciple to suit the severity of the lubricating operation for whichthey are intended. For instance, in the lubrication of heavy machinery,an oil of a suitable viscosity will be chosen and the propertions andselection of additive components made to suit the severity encountered,to provide, say, a straight cutting oil. In rolling or the machining oflight metals on'the other hand, where cooling is an important factor, anaqueous emulsion may be preferred.

The emulsifiers are of a conventional type, such as alkali metalpetroleum sulphonates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal soaps ofnaphthenic or rosin acids, and also so-called non-ionic emulsifiers.

Further additions may be made as desired, to modify the properties ofthe lubricating oil, such as fatty oils, fatty acids, esters, alcohols,polyglycols and their esters, antioxidants, anticorrosives, foamsuppressors and bactericides. Coupling agents such as phenolic compoundsand polyhydric alcohols may also be necessary.

The chlorinated polyolefine under the conditions of the test hereinafterdescribed is more effective in preventing wear than the chlorinated waxat equal concentration. It has surprisingly been found, furthermore,that there is a synergetic effect between these additives in that partof the chlorinated olefine can be replaced by a similar amount of thechlorinated wax, the effectiveness of the combination being maintainedat a higher level than is to be expected from proportionality, so longas the ratio of chlorinated polyolefine to chlorinated wax is not lessthan about 1:1, preferably 221. This is important economically at thehigher additive concentrations where a considerable cost reduction canbe effected by this means.

The interaction between the two chlorinated additives Was indicated bystatistical analysis of the results of Falex and 4-ball Wear tests on aset of experimental composil 4-ball tests in these cases were made onemulsions containing 10% of the oil and 99% of water by volume:

tions designed on the fractional re licate principle. The mteraction wasseen to hold for the chlorinated additives D E F G H alone and also inthe presence of the sulphurized additives 5 and a synergetic interactionwas also indicated between Chlorinated PmypmpyL Perm Perm" Perm PermPmcm the chlorinated additives and the sulphnrized additives. ens(Anchor N55) 2.0 5.0 5.0 These eilects are illustrated in theaccompanying tables gf gga f 5 0 5 0 "showing the anti-Wear propertiesof various compositions (annex cssj iisc'fibd a a 1 h L oe 0W 5.0 4.75as m asured by the 4 call machine. In this tvS'L three (Reflex 697)Described steel calls are rigidly clamped in contact with eacn other Aal n-F and pressed by means of a loading lever against a rotating l fi 60 .fourth steel ball which makes contact With all three staz figg gglycomoo) 5 0 r 0 L A L o. tionary balls, the POllltS of contact beinglubricated by Rapeseed on- 5.0 5.0 o I I! the composition under test. Atfixed load, speed and Q U 730 6&0 time of rotation the average diameterof the scars left on the three stationary balls is a measure of the Wear'perad, kg; Ssar dia. (aim) mitted by the lubricant and therefore thesmaller the scar diameter the better the wear-preventing properties 7 0of the lubricant. The relative effects hold for a range il; 8: ssi iggseii ti of loads and can be illustrated by the results at one load.

Table l letroleum Sulphurizcd Sulphurized 011, Percent, Mineral Oil,Fatty Oil, Scar Diameter (cm.) Chlorinated Chlorinated Refined Percent,Percent; at load Polyolcfinc, Wax, naphthenic Sulphu'rized (SulphurizedPercent, Percent, oil of the fatty oil of lard oil up to Anchor N 55Cercclor 42 Saybolt; minimum 1% reactive S,

Universal Sulphur content 100 seconds Viscosity 100 9% by weightviscosity) 150 kg. 300 kg sec. at100 F.

97 Seized The following table gives examples of straight metal Working0115 showing the corresponding 4-ball Wear test results (S.U.V. refersto second Saybolt Universal 100" an at 100 11 220" S.U.V. at 100 F Load,kg: Scar dla. (1pm.)

0.91 1. 1. 17 1. 58 1. 42 1. 68 1. 46 1. 94 1. (i0 Seized 1. 73

The following table gives examples, of soluble oils.

The sulphonates are sodium petroleum mahogany sulphonates of molecularweight about 420.

The Renex and Ethylan materials are condensation products ofnonyl-phenol with ethylene oxide. The nonyl-phenol used in thepreparation of these materials is a mixture of orthoand para-nonylphenol in which the para-isomer predominates in the proportion of aboutparts to 15 parts of the ortho. In Renex 688, Renex 697, and Ethylan BCPone mol. of the nonyl-phe'nol is condensed with 8, 6 and 9 molsrespectively of ethylene oxide.

The polyethylene glycol (300) di-oleate is the di-oleate ester of apolyethylene glycol of molecular Weight approximately 300.

The examples given hereinabove are suppliedto illustrate the inventionwithout in any way limiting the scope of the invention. The onlylimitations intended are those found in the attached claim.

We claim:

A lubricating composition comprising (1) a major proportion of apetroleum lubricating oil having a viscosity in the range of 50-350S.U.V. at F, (2) a minor proportion of a sulphurized mineral oil, (3)about 2l5% by Weight of a chlorinated petroleum Wax having a chlorinecontent of at least 40% by Weight, and (4) about 2-15% by weight of achlorinated polypropylene, the

polypropylene having a molecular Weight of about 126 210 and beingchlorinated to a chlorine content of about 30-50% by weight, saidcomposition being further characterized in that the ratio of thechlorinated polypropylene to the chlorinated petroleum Wax is at least2: 1.

References Cited in the file of this patent 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS2,126,590 Valentine Aug. 9, 1938 2,225,318 Morway et al. Dec. 17, 19402,296,037 Kaufman Sept. 15, 1942 2,298,833 Muessig Oct. 13, 1942 10 6Hull et al7 July 2, 1946 Perry et a1. Dec. 9, 1952 Talley et a1 June 29,1954 Gililland et a1 Aug. 19, 1958 Hughes et a1 Sept. 16, 1958 BeretvasJan. 19, 1960 Sudholz July 25, 1961 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain May18, 1945

